印尼被曝跟美企签80亿美元合同建17座炼油厂，加工美国原油

Core Viewpoint - Indonesia plans to build a network of small modular refineries to process crude oil from the US and domestic sources, aiming to reduce gasoline imports and fulfill trade agreements with the US [1][4]. Group 1: Project Overview - Indonesia's sovereign wealth fund Danantara is set to sign an $8 billion contract with US engineering firm KBR to construct 17 modular refineries [1]. - The agreement includes a commitment to purchase $15 billion in energy products from the US in exchange for reduced tariffs on Indonesian goods [1]. - The total value of Indonesia's oil and gas imports is projected to reach $36.28 billion in 2024 [1]. Group 2: Strategic Concerns - Analysts express skepticism about the shift to smaller refineries, noting that it contradicts the global trend towards larger facilities for economies of scale [4]. - Pertamina, Indonesia's state oil company, plans to invest $48 billion to upgrade six refineries and build large refining complexes to increase oil product output to 1.5 million barrels per day [4]. - Indonesia has not built a large refinery in the past 30 years, and most partnerships for these projects have been canceled, forcing Pertamina to proceed independently [4]. Group 3: Technical and Economic Considerations - Modular refineries are expected to be built faster and at lower costs compared to traditional facilities, providing a quick solution to reduce dependence on imported refined oil [5]. - However, the capacity of small refineries typically ranges from 50,000 to 150,000 barrels per day, which may not meet Indonesia's expanding petrochemical capacity goals [5]. - Concerns have been raised about the potential need for small vessels to import crude oil, which could significantly increase costs and expose Indonesia to fluctuations in US crude oil prices [6].