全球多地遭遇极端高温天气

Core Insights - The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) reported that July 2023 was the third hottest July on record globally, following 2023 and 2024 [1] - The average global sea surface temperature in July was also the third highest for the same period, with Arctic sea ice coverage nearing historical lows [1] - The extreme heat and drought have led to significant challenges for public health, infrastructure, and ecosystems, particularly in Europe [1][2] Summary by Sections Climate Impact - Europe is facing severe climate challenges this summer, with extreme heatwaves and widespread wildfires putting pressure on public health systems, infrastructure, and ecosystems [1] - In France, wildfires in the Aude region have burned approximately 16,000 hectares, marking one of the most significant wildfires since 1949 [1] - Spain is also experiencing frequent wildfires, prompting military and emergency services to assist in firefighting efforts [1][2] North America and Asia - North America is grappling with wildfires and high temperatures, with hundreds of fires in Canada affecting air quality across multiple provinces and into the northern United States [2] - In Japan, extreme temperatures reached 41.8 degrees Celsius, breaking national records, while South Korea issued heat warnings [2] - In parts of the Middle East and South Asia, temperatures exceeded 42 degrees Celsius, with some areas surpassing 50 degrees Celsius, leading to power outages and water supply issues [2] Health and Safety Concerns - The WMO highlighted the potential for extreme heat to cause secondary disasters such as landslides and infrastructure damage, posing long-term risks to public safety [3] - Millions of people are affected by health threats, power interruptions, and deteriorating air quality due to extreme heat, with urban and vulnerable communities facing the greatest challenges [3] - The WMO calls for enhanced early warning systems and public health response plans to address the increasing climate risks [3][4] Policy Recommendations - The WMO and WHO emphasize the need for international policy support and action to treat extreme heat as a public health emergency [4] - Implementing heat health warning systems in 57 countries could potentially save nearly 100,000 lives annually [3]