真的“神反转”！俄罗斯执行“断气”，欧洲国家竟有如此手段

Core Insights - The ongoing energy conflict between Russia and Europe has intensified since the Ukraine conflict, with Russia cutting off gas supplies to Austria starting November 16, 2024, in response to a legal dispute with Austrian oil and gas company OMV [1][3][5] - Europe has prepared for such disruptions by significantly increasing its natural gas storage, achieving over 90% capacity by the end of October 2024, which has allowed it to manage the winter demand without major crises [7][9] - The European Union (EU) has been actively diversifying its energy sources, reducing reliance on Russian gas from 45% in 2021 to 19% in 2024, and aims to further decrease this figure by 2025 [13][15] Energy Supply Dynamics - Austria's gas imports from Russia accounted for about 20% of its total imports, and the sudden halt in supply led to a spike in energy prices [3][5] - Despite the cut in pipeline gas, Russia's overall gas exports to Europe increased by 18% to 20% in the first eleven months of 2024, reaching over 50 billion cubic meters, although liquefied natural gas (LNG) has become the dominant supply source [5][9] - The EU's RePowerEU plan aims to eliminate dependence on Russian energy by 2030, with sanctions targeting LNG and Russian gas projects already in place [5][9] Storage and Demand Management - The EU's strategic storage efforts have been crucial, with storage facilities exceeding 90% capacity ahead of winter, allowing for a stable supply during peak demand [7][9] - As of early 2025, the EU's gas storage levels are projected to drop significantly, with major countries like Germany and France facing lower inventory levels [7][9] - The EU's approach includes increasing imports from Norway, the US, and Qatar, while also enhancing energy efficiency and renewable energy usage [9][13] Geopolitical Implications - The Nord Stream pipeline explosions in 2022 have heightened Europe's awareness of energy security, prompting a shift towards independence from Russian gas [11][15] - The geopolitical landscape of energy supply is evolving, with Europe learning to diversify its energy sources and not rely solely on one supplier [15] - The ongoing energy crisis has led to increased competition for global gas supplies, particularly with rising demand in Asia [11][13]