「教育强国」杨雪冬：源流与动力——中国政治学的塑造

Core Viewpoint - The development of political science in China has been shaped by its historical context and the need to adapt Western theories to local realities, emphasizing the importance of understanding China's unique political landscape and its evolution over time [3][4][10]. Group 1: Historical Development - Political science in the United States began with the establishment of the Political Science Institute at Columbia University in 1880, marking its separation from law [5]. - In China, the establishment of political science as a discipline began in 1899 with the founding of the political science department at Peking University, which was a significant milestone in the discipline's development [5][9]. - The early 20th century saw the formation of various political science associations in China, indicating a growing interest and establishment of the field [5][8]. Group 2: Influence of Western Political Science - American political science developed as a distinct discipline influenced by its own political practices and needs, contrasting with the more tumultuous development of political science in China [6][7]. - The American model emphasized empirical research and practical applications, which has been a point of reference for Chinese political scholars [4][6]. Group 3: Political Science in Modern China - After the founding of the People's Republic of China, political science faced significant challenges, including the dissolution of political science departments in 1952, which led to its integration into law [9][10]. - The reform and opening-up period initiated in the late 1970s marked a resurgence of political science in China, with a renewed focus on addressing national needs and integrating theoretical advancements with practical applications [10][11]. Group 4: Current Trends and Future Directions - The 21st century has seen a significant increase in the importance of political science in China, driven by the country's rising global influence and the need for a robust theoretical framework to address contemporary issues [12][13]. - Recent developments emphasize the integration of Marxist theory with local political realities, aiming to create a distinctive Chinese political science that responds to both domestic and global challenges [14][15]. - The ongoing dialogue between political science and other disciplines is crucial for addressing societal questions and enhancing the discipline's relevance in contemporary China [18].