从赛场到市场，人形机器人蓄势待发（经济时评）

Group 1 - The development of humanoid robots reflects not only technological innovation but also humanity's exploration of future lifestyles [1][3] - The global humanoid robot market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 71% from 2021 to 2030, with China's market projected to reach approximately 870 billion yuan by 2030 [1][2] - Challenges in scaling humanoid robots include the immaturity of general intelligence, reliance on imported core components, high costs, and ethical concerns regarding data privacy and human-robot boundaries [1][2] Group 2 - Various regions are continuously opening application scenarios, providing momentum for the innovative development of humanoid robots in fields such as industrial manufacturing, commercial services, and specialized operations [2] - China has integrated humanoid robots into its future industrial layout, with supportive policies and a multi-dimensional support system established for technology research, scene opening, and talent cultivation [2] - Key cities like Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Hangzhou have formed innovation clusters, with several companies producing robots that match or exceed international standards in performance and competitiveness [2]