美联储鹰派决议背后：担忧通胀甚于就业，政治压力加剧困境

Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve is facing significant uncertainty regarding the U.S. economic outlook, with a prevailing cautious sentiment among its officials, particularly concerning inflation risks over employment concerns [1][6]. Economic Indicators - The U.S. Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose by 2.7% year-on-year in July, maintaining the same growth rate as June. The core CPI, excluding volatile food and energy prices, increased by 3.1%, up from 2.9% in June, significantly above the Fed's 2% target [2][4]. - The July non-farm employment data was notably weaker than expected, and previous months' data were revised downwards, which undermined the Fed's stance on not lowering interest rates [4][5]. Federal Reserve's Stance - The July FOMC meeting minutes indicated that most officials preferred to maintain the federal funds rate target range at 4.25% to 4.50%, with only two dissenting votes advocating for a rate cut [1][5]. - The Fed's focus remains on controlling inflation, with officials expressing concerns that tariff policies could lead to prolonged inflationary pressures [2][6]. Market Expectations - Market expectations for a rate cut in September have increased, with approximately 82% probability according to CME FedWatch Tool, despite a slight decline from previous levels [4][6]. - The internal division within the Fed between hawkish and dovish views is evident, with a significant number of officials remaining cautious about inflation risks [5][6]. Political Pressure - The White House, particularly President Trump, has been exerting pressure on the Fed, calling for the resignation of certain officials and pushing for a more accommodative monetary policy [1][7]. - Despite political pressures, the Fed's decision-making is expected to remain primarily data-driven, with its independence likely to endure in the short term [7].