北方暴雨频发，多地突发山洪，防洪何以“为水让路”

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the increasing frequency of extreme weather events, particularly heavy rainfall in northern China, and emphasizes the need for a more effective flood prevention system that incorporates the concept of "giving way to water" [1][3]. Group 1: Flood Prevention Strategies - Xu Zongxue suggests creating sunken parks, green spaces, and artificial lakes as temporary flood retention areas during extreme rainfall events [3]. - The article highlights the importance of enhancing public education on flood prevention and risk awareness to improve societal preparedness for flood disasters [3][35]. Group 2: Characteristics of Recent Flooding - Northern cities are experiencing unprecedented heavy rainfall, which is characterized by its widespread and irregular occurrence, differing from past patterns [5][6]. - The areas most affected by flooding are often those that have not been adequately addressed by existing flood prevention systems, indicating weaknesses in current infrastructure [6]. Group 3: Historical Context and Evolution of Flood Management - Since the 1998 Yangtze River floods, significant investments have been made in flood management, focusing initially on major rivers and later shifting towards smaller river systems [8][9]. - The concept of "sponge cities" was introduced post-2012 to enhance urban flood management capabilities, integrating various urban water systems [10][13]. Group 4: Urban Planning and Infrastructure - Urban planning must consider regional differences in climate and hydrology, with tailored solutions for northern and southern cities [17][18]. - The article advocates for restoring natural water retention areas that have been lost due to urban development, which is crucial for improving flood resilience [22][23]. Group 5: Public Awareness and Community Involvement - The article stresses the need for increased public awareness regarding flood risks, particularly in areas that have historically been considered safe [7][36]. - Community efforts, such as clearing drainage systems and preparing emergency supplies, can significantly mitigate the impact of flooding [34][37]. Group 6: Limitations of Current Flood Management Approaches - The article points out that current flood management standards are inconsistent across different departments, leading to potential vulnerabilities in urban flood defenses [22]. - It emphasizes that while "sponge cities" can manage typical rainfall, they are not sufficient for extreme weather events, necessitating emergency response plans [14][38].