超级工程标记发展新刻度（“十四五”，我们见证这些“第一”⑪）

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights China's significant advancements in infrastructure and technology during the "14th Five-Year Plan," showcasing major projects and innovations that contribute to economic growth and societal development [5][10][16]. Infrastructure Development - Major infrastructure projects include the successful completion of the Huanggang Road Yellow River Tunnel, which is the world's largest underwater shield tunnel with a diameter of 17.5 meters [12]. - The construction of the Guiyang-Nanning high-speed railway, Hetian-Ruoqiang railway, and the Chengdu Tianfu Airport are among the key transportation projects that have been completed or are underway, enhancing domestic and international connectivity [14][17]. Technological Innovations - The successful operation of the "Deep Sea No. 1" project, which is China's deepest and most challenging offshore gas field, marks a significant milestone in deep-water oil and gas exploration [9]. - Breakthroughs in various fields, including nuclear power, artificial intelligence, and quantum technology, have been achieved, with notable projects like the "Zhurong" Mars rover and the "Chang'e 5" lunar mission [10][17]. Energy and Environmental Initiatives - The article emphasizes the development of clean energy corridors, with the completion of major hydropower stations like the Baihetan Hydropower Station, contributing to China's renewable energy capacity [7][11]. - The "Three North" afforestation project and other ecological initiatives aim to combat desertification and enhance environmental sustainability [17]. Economic Impact - The ongoing investment in 102 major projects is expected to drive economic growth and improve living standards, with a focus on maintaining a certain level of investment intensity to support development [13][16]. - The increase in R&D spending, which rose by nearly 50% compared to the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan," reflects a commitment to innovation and technological advancement [10].