稀土王牌锁死全局：欧美工厂断供倒计时，美国双线破局为何成空谈

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes China's dominance in the rare earth industry, highlighting the significant reliance of Western countries, particularly the U.S. and Europe, on Chinese rare earth supplies for high-tech manufacturing and defense systems [1][3][5]. Industry Overview - China accounts for 60% of global rare earth production and 90% of refining and processing [3]. - The U.S. struggles to match China's production capabilities, with its annual output being less than a quarter of China's quarterly production [3]. Supply Chain Implications - A potential supply disruption from China could halt production in global industries outside of China, including automotive, electronics, and aerospace [5]. - The article cites historical examples, such as Japan's automotive industry facing crises due to China's export restrictions in 2010, illustrating the critical nature of rare earth supplies [5]. U.S. Response Strategies - The U.S. has initiated a "dual-line breakthrough" plan, which includes restarting domestic rare earth mining and forming partnerships with allies like Australia, Canada, and India [7][10]. - However, the article argues that these efforts are unrealistic, as establishing a complete rare earth supply chain requires decades of technological development and significant investment [10][12]. Competitive Landscape - China's established and integrated rare earth supply chain spans from mining to processing, providing a competitive edge over U.S. and allied efforts [12][14]. - The article points out that even attempts by companies in Australia and Canada to establish processing facilities have faced significant challenges, including environmental regulations and funding issues [13]. Market Dynamics - China controls 80% of the global production of rare earth permanent magnets used in electric vehicles and wind turbines, further solidifying its market position [14]. - The article suggests that the technological gap and loss of skilled labor in the U.S. make it difficult for Western countries to catch up with China's advancements in the rare earth sector [15].