从南美首富到全球笑柄，石油储量世界第一，却过得穷困潦倒

Core Insights - Venezuela's economic collapse is attributed to its over-reliance on oil, poor governance, and failure to diversify its economy, leading to severe humanitarian crises [3][8][9] Economic Structure and Governance - Venezuela's economic model heavily depended on oil revenues, unlike Middle Eastern countries that diversified their economies and established sovereign wealth funds [3] - The government implemented aggressive nationalization and price controls, which resulted in hyperinflation and industrial decline [8][9] - The lack of stable governance and long-term planning contributed to the country's vulnerability to oil price fluctuations [3][8] Humanitarian Crisis - The economic collapse has led to extreme hyperinflation, with inflation rates peaking at 1,000,000%, rendering the currency nearly worthless [9] - Basic necessities are in severe shortage, leading to widespread malnutrition and a crumbling healthcare system [5][6][8] - Over 7 million people have been displaced, with many fleeing the country due to deteriorating living conditions [5][6] Historical Context - Venezuela was once one of the wealthiest countries in South America, boasting the largest oil reserves in the world and a high GDP per capita [8][9] - The country enjoyed a high standard of living, with free healthcare and education, but this changed drastically within 15 years due to mismanagement [9] Lessons Learned - The Venezuelan crisis serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of economic over-dependence on a single resource and the importance of sound economic policies [9] - It highlights the necessity for a balanced economic structure and the risks associated with excessive welfare without corresponding productivity [9]