2025上半年A股上市银行：业绩分化，净息差“冰火”见真章

Core Insights - The Chinese banking sector is experiencing structural adjustments and transformation opportunities, with a notable divergence in performance among different types of banks [3][9] Group 1: Overall Performance - In the first half of 2025, 42 A-share listed banks achieved a total operating income of 2.92 trillion yuan and a net profit attributable to shareholders of 1.1 trillion yuan, with over 60% of banks reporting both revenue and profit growth [3] - The four major state-owned banks (ICBC, CCB, ABC, and BOC) maintained strong performance, each surpassing 300 billion yuan in operating income and 100 billion yuan in net profit [4] Group 2: Major Banks' Performance - ICBC led with an operating income of 427.09 billion yuan and a net profit of 168.10 billion yuan, while CCB, ABC, and BOC followed with revenues of 394.27 billion yuan, 369.94 billion yuan, and 329.00 billion yuan respectively [4] - BOC recorded the fastest revenue growth among the four major banks at 3.76%, with a net profit increase of 3.49% [4] Group 3: Performance of Joint-Stock Banks - China Merchants Bank achieved an operating income of 169.97 billion yuan, becoming the only joint-stock bank in the top tier, despite a slight revenue decline of 1.72% [5] - Other joint-stock banks like Bank of Communications and Industrial Bank also performed well, with revenues exceeding 100 billion yuan and net profits of 46.02 billion yuan and 43.14 billion yuan respectively [5] Group 4: Regional Banks' Challenges - Some regional banks faced significant operational pressures, with six institutions, including Ping An Bank and Huaxia Bank, experiencing declines in both operating income and net profit [6] - Ping An Bank's revenue fell by 10% and net profit by 3.9%, while Guiyang Bank's revenue dropped by 12.22% and net profit by 7.2% due to market fluctuations [6] Group 5: Net Interest Margin Trends - The net interest margin (NIM) showed significant divergence, with 40 out of 42 listed banks experiencing a decrease, ranging from 1 to 34 basis points [7] - Notably, Xian Bank and Minsheng Bank reported increases in NIM, with Xian Bank's NIM rising by 49 basis points to 1.91% [8] Group 6: Future Outlook - The banking sector is adapting to a low-interest-rate environment, with banks like Xian Bank and Minsheng Bank demonstrating that optimizing asset-liability structures and enhancing pricing capabilities can lead to growth [9] - The overall resilience of the banking sector is evident, with major banks leveraging their scale and diversified services to maintain profitability amid challenges [9]