中亚国家加快开发可再生能源（国际视点）

Core Insights - The development of renewable energy in Central Asia is gaining momentum, with significant potential in wind, solar, and hydro resources, supported by government policies and international cooperation [1][2][4] Group 1: Renewable Energy Potential - Central Asia has vast renewable energy potential, with Uzbekistan receiving solar energy equivalent to approximately 51 billion tons of oil annually, and Tajikistan ranking eighth globally in hydroelectric potential at about 5,270 billion kWh/year [2] - Kazakhstan's wind energy potential is estimated at 920 billion kWh annually, while Kyrgyzstan's hydro resources supply 94% of its electricity [2] - The International Renewable Energy Agency reports that Kazakhstan and Tajikistan are leading in renewable energy capacity growth, with Kazakhstan's installed capacity increasing from 2,734 MW in 2014 to 5,663 MW in 2023 [2] Group 2: Current Utilization and Future Projections - Despite the potential, the utilization rate of renewable energy in Central Asia is low, with solar and wind capacity averaging less than 5% of the exploitable amount [3] - Uzbekistan's solar power accounts for less than 2% of its energy mix, while Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan have actual utilization rates of 4% and 10% for hydroelectric power, respectively [3] - The World Bank projects a 30% increase in renewable energy demand in the region by 2030, with the potential for Central Asia to become a model for renewable energy development [3] Group 3: Policy Initiatives - Central Asian countries are prioritizing green, low-carbon, and sustainable development, with Uzbekistan's first large wind project capable of powering 500,000 households and reducing CO2 emissions by 1.1 million tons annually [4] - Kazakhstan aims for renewable energy to account for 6.43% of its total generation by 2024, up from 3% in 2020, with plans to increase this to 15% by 2030 and 50% by 2050 [4] - Tajikistan's renewable energy plan aims to attract approximately 1.6 billion Tajik somoni in foreign investment, while Uzbekistan targets over 25% renewable energy share by 2030 [5] Group 4: Investment and Financial Support - The Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation mechanism indicates a need for $400 billion in energy investments by 2030, with current investment levels at only 25% of this requirement [5] - Kazakhstan is providing financial subsidies for renewable energy projects to lower construction costs and investment risks, while Uzbekistan has revised tax laws to exempt renewable energy plants from property and land taxes for ten years [6] Group 5: China’s Role in Renewable Energy Development - China is actively participating in renewable energy projects in Central Asia, providing technical and equipment support, exemplified by a 1 GW solar project in Uzbekistan that successfully connected 400 MW to the grid [7] - Chinese companies are also involved in training local professionals in renewable energy technologies, enhancing local capacity and expertise [8] - The collaboration between China and Central Asian countries is seen as a significant driver for regional energy structure optimization and sustainable development [7][8]