焦点：准备美国首次公开募股流程(IPO)路线图！

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights that despite the competitive IPO market, private companies are continuously evaluating their options for going public, with guidance provided by Deloitte on IPO accounting, SEC requirements, and other financial steps in the IPO preparation process [1][3][13] Group 2 - 2021 was a record year for IPOs and SPACs, but the market has remained subdued due to various challenges such as market volatility, geopolitical conflicts, interest rate hikes, inflation, and supply chain issues [3] - Private companies are considering various methods for going public, including traditional IPOs, non-traditional IPOs (like SPAC mergers), and other financing alternatives such as direct listings [3] - Companies must submit a registration statement to the SEC before publicly offering securities, with the submission process depending on the nature of the offering [3][4] Group 3 - Confidential submissions allow companies to conceal sensitive information from clients or competitors during the later stages of the IPO process, with initial confidential filings needing to be publicly submitted at least 15 days before a roadshow or the effective date of the registration statement [4] - The SEC typically completes a preliminary review of the registration statement within 27 calendar days, and companies may receive multiple rounds of comments from SEC staff [4] Group 4 - Companies must determine which financial statements are required for the registration statement, with small reporting companies and emerging growth companies allowed to submit only two years of audited financial statements, while others must submit three years [6] - Financial statements must meet certain timeliness requirements, with a general limit of 134 days between the submission date and the most recent balance sheet date [6] Group 5 - Public companies must adhere to different accounting standards compared to private companies, with public entities required to adopt new accounting standards earlier [7] - Companies undergoing an IPO must submit financial statements that comply with public entity accounting standards and SEC disclosure requirements [7][8] Group 6 - Auditors for companies going public must follow PCAOB auditing standards and may need to perform additional procedures, with audit reports referencing both AICPA and PCAOB standards [11] - After the registration statement becomes effective, companies must file periodic reports (10-Q and 10-K) and comply with various SEC regulations regarding executive compensation, cybersecurity, and climate disclosures [12] Group 7 - SPAC transactions have seen significant growth but have also slowed down, with management needing to understand the differences between traditional IPOs and SPAC transactions, especially in light of new SEC disclosure rules effective July 1, 2024 [13]