美国封锁俄罗斯石油，印度急求新能源出路；800亿卢比砸向绿氢，不料转头碰到硬茬

Core Viewpoint - India's ambitious "National Green Hydrogen Mission" aims to enhance energy independence and secure a significant share of the global green hydrogen market amidst increasing energy pressure from the U.S. government [1] Group 1: Strategic Goals and Investments - The Indian government plans to achieve an annual production capacity of 5 million tons of green hydrogen by 2030, targeting a 10% share of the global market [1] - Over 80 billion rupees (approximately 1 billion USD) will be invested in this initiative, expected to create 600,000 green jobs [1] - The plan aims to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by nearly 50 million tons annually, which is about 5% of India's current emissions [1] Group 2: Challenges and Structural Issues - India faces significant structural challenges, including a high transmission loss rate of 20% in its outdated power grid, compared to the global average of 8% [2] - The regulatory framework is still developing, with essential green hydrogen certification standards yet to be established [2] - High storage costs due to technological bottlenecks hinder the competitiveness of hydrogen energy [2] Group 3: Competitive Landscape - India competes with China, which has established a complete industrial chain for green hydrogen, with alkaline electrolysis costs below 1.5 USD per kilogram and a 70% global market share [4] - China's solar power generation costs are significantly lower, at 0.03 USD per kilowatt-hour, providing a cost advantage for green hydrogen production [4] - India's local production of solar components is below 30%, leading to reliance on imports and creating a "solar gap" that limits its green hydrogen competitiveness [4] Group 4: Technological and Infrastructure Development - Currently, 90% of India's electrolysis equipment is imported, resulting in a 35-40% higher overall cost for green hydrogen compared to China [6] - The government has introduced Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes, but these measures may not quickly reverse the competitive disadvantage [6] - The "Green Energy Corridor" project aims to construct 2,800 kilometers of high-voltage transmission lines to improve transmission efficiency to over 95% [6] Group 5: International Collaboration and Policy Framework - India has formed a "Hydrogen Alliance" with Germany, attracting 2 billion euros in investment, and is collaborating with Kawasaki Heavy Industries from Japan to establish its first liquid hydrogen plant [7] - The "National Green Hydrogen Mission" is developing a clear carbon pricing mechanism and green certificate trading system to boost investor confidence [7] - The Indian Energy Minister emphasizes that green hydrogen represents not only an energy transition but also a strategic opportunity to reshape the global energy order [7]