浅析稳定币发展对外汇管理的影响及国际监管经验借鉴

Core Viewpoint - Recent legislative developments in the U.S. and Hong Kong regarding stablecoins have sparked significant market interest, prompting an analysis of their potential impacts on foreign exchange management in China and offering policy insights for improvement [1]. Group 1: Potential Impacts of Stablecoin Development on China's Foreign Exchange Management - Stablecoins, despite China's prohibition on virtual currency activities, are circulating through overseas platforms and OTC markets, posing a potential threat to existing foreign exchange management frameworks [2]. - The anonymity and decentralization of stablecoins allow them to evade traditional regulatory measures, undermining the effectiveness of cross-border capital flow supervision [3]. - Unregulated cross-border movement of stablecoins increases the risk of RMB exchange rate volatility, as investors can quickly convert RMB to foreign assets during market fluctuations [4]. - Transactions involving stablecoins fall outside the current international balance of payments statistics, leading to data inaccuracies and potential distortions in trade balance indicators [5]. - The bypassing of regulatory frameworks by stablecoins threatens the central bank's ability to monitor and manage cross-border currency flows, potentially undermining China's monetary sovereignty [6]. Group 2: Global Stablecoin Regulatory Framework Characteristics and Lessons - The U.S. employs a dual-track regulatory framework for stablecoins, combining federal and state oversight, with stringent reserve requirements for issuers [7]. - The EU's MiCA establishes a systematic regulatory framework for stablecoins, categorizing them based on their risk profiles and implementing differentiated governance [8]. - Hong Kong's Stablecoin Ordinance introduces a comprehensive regulatory framework for fiat-backed stablecoins, emphasizing open innovation while ensuring risk control [9][10]. - Hong Kong's approach allows for multi-currency stablecoin issuance and aims to break the dominance of the U.S. dollar in the global reserve currency landscape [11]. Group 3: Implications for China's Foreign Exchange Management - Strengthening regulatory oversight to prevent capital outflows through stablecoins is essential, with a focus on integrating stablecoin activities into existing capital project management frameworks [14]. - Developing a smart monitoring system based on the digital RMB infrastructure can enhance the precision of regulatory measures against stablecoin transactions [15]. - Establishing international cooperation mechanisms to combat illegal capital transfers via stablecoins is crucial for maintaining financial security [16]. - Regulatory frameworks should be updated to clearly define stablecoins' legal status and ensure compliance with foreign exchange management regulations [17]. - Exploring the use of stablecoins in international trade can enhance the efficiency of transactions and promote the internationalization of the RMB [18].