中国电商规模世界第一，为什么西方却不扶持电商？内行人说出答案

Core Insights - The article highlights the stark differences in e-commerce development between China and Western countries, attributing these differences to various historical, social, economic, and cultural factors [1][2][13]. Infrastructure and Market Dynamics - China's e-commerce growth is significantly supported by the relative underdevelopment of traditional retail infrastructure, providing ample space for e-commerce to thrive. For instance, China's per capita retail space is only 0.8 square meters, compared to 2.3 in the U.S. [3]. - In contrast, Western countries have mature retail networks that meet consumer needs, reducing the appeal of e-commerce [3]. Population and Logistics - China's dense population distribution creates a natural scale economy for e-commerce logistics, enhancing delivery efficiency and reducing costs. The average delivery cost in major Chinese cities is 5.8 yuan per package, significantly lower than the costs in the U.S. (38 yuan), Germany (42 yuan), and France (45 yuan) [4]. - Delivery times in China average just 12 hours, while in the U.S. it takes 2.5 days, and in Europe, it ranges from 2 to 4 days [4]. Digital Payment Systems - The widespread adoption of mobile payments in China, with a penetration rate of 91.2%, greatly reduces friction in online transactions compared to the U.S. (42%), Germany (38%), and France (35%) [6]. - Chinese consumers use mobile payments significantly more frequently, averaging 46 times per month, compared to 12 times in the U.S. and 9 times in Europe [6]. Policy and Market Environment - Western countries often implement stricter protection policies for traditional retail, which can hinder e-commerce growth. For example, over 80% of French towns have policies limiting the expansion of large retailers [7]. - In contrast, China offers a more conducive environment for e-commerce entrepreneurship, with fewer administrative hurdles and faster processing times for business licenses [7][8]. Consumer Behavior and Demographics - The younger demographic in China, with 52.8% of e-commerce users under 30, is more receptive to online shopping compared to older populations in Western countries [9]. - In Germany, only 28.3% of individuals aged 65 and older frequently use e-commerce, compared to 51.2% in China [9]. Capital and Innovation - China's e-commerce sector has attracted substantial capital investment, with 2.3 trillion yuan in venture capital from 2020 to 2025, far exceeding investments in the U.S. and Europe [10]. - This capital influx supports technological innovation and market expansion, enabling platforms to invest heavily in consumer education and subsidies [10]. Cultural Influences - Chinese consumers are more inclined towards social shopping and community interaction, with a conversion rate of 68% from social recommendations, compared to 37% in the U.S. and 31% in Europe [11]. - This cultural inclination has led to the success of social e-commerce and live-streaming sales in China [11]. Supply Chain and Manufacturing - China's robust manufacturing base and efficient supply chain provide a diverse range of products at competitive prices, with a manufacturing diversity score of 87.3, the highest globally [12]. - The high labor costs in Western countries pose additional challenges for e-commerce logistics, with average hourly wages significantly higher than in China [12]. Future Directions - The article suggests that Western e-commerce strategies should focus on localized innovations rather than direct imitation of Chinese models [13]. - It emphasizes the importance of integrating online and offline retail experiences and improving logistics efficiency through technological advancements [14]. - Enhancing digital payment experiences and balancing public policy to support both traditional and e-commerce sectors are also recommended [16].