是什么推升了发达经济体的长债收益率

Group 1 - Recent increases in long-term bond yields in developed economies have raised market concerns, with the UK 30-year bond yield reaching its highest level since 1998 at 5.69% [1] - Germany and France also saw their 30-year bond yields rise to 3.41% and 4.51%, the highest since 2011 and 2009 respectively [1] - Japan's 30-year bond yield hit a record high of 3.28%, raising concerns about the government's fiscal situation [1] Group 2 - Rising bond yields typically indicate that investors are becoming wary of government debt, leading to higher borrowing costs for governments [2] - Inflation concerns are prevalent, particularly in the UK, where the July inflation rate reached 3.8%, significantly higher than other developed economies [2] - Japan's core CPI rose by 3.1% year-on-year in July, above market expectations, indicating persistent inflationary pressures [2] Group 3 - The US July CPI showed a year-on-year increase of 2.7%, with core CPI rising to 3.1%, reflecting a general trend of rising prices across developed economies [3] - The Eurozone's August CPI annual rate was recorded at 2.1%, indicating a recovery from previous low inflation rates [3] - Overall inflation trends are seen as manageable, except for the UK's stubbornly high inflation [3] Group 4 - The increase in government deficits across developed economies has contributed to rising bond yields, as governments resort to issuing more debt to cover fiscal shortfalls [4] - The US government debt-to-GDP ratio is projected to rise to nearly 120% by mid-2025, necessitating significant bond issuance [4] - The UK is also facing a budget deficit of £35 billion, leading to increased bond issuance [4] Group 5 - Japan has the highest debt burden globally, exceeding 250% of GDP, with record budget requests driven by rising defense spending and debt financing costs [5] - This creates a vicious cycle where rising debt pressures lead to higher bond yields, further increasing interest expenses and repayment burdens [5] - The current economic strategies, including tariff increases and potential interest rate cuts, are seen as insufficient to break this cycle [5]