全国碳市场建设迈入新阶段（美丽中国）

Core Viewpoint - The issuance of the "Opinions on Promoting Green and Low-Carbon Transition and Strengthening National Carbon Market Construction" marks the first central document in China's carbon market sector, providing a more comprehensive institutional guarantee and stronger capability support for the national carbon market construction [1][2]. Summary by Relevant Sections National Carbon Market Development - China has established a national carbon emissions trading market for key emission units with mandatory reduction responsibilities and a voluntary carbon market to incentivize social self-reduction. These two markets operate independently but are interconnected through a quota clearing mechanism, achieving full coverage of reduction entities [2][3]. - As of August 22, 2023, the mandatory carbon market has seen a cumulative transaction volume exceeding 680 million tons, with a transaction value of 47.41 billion yuan. The voluntary carbon market has recorded a cumulative transaction of 2.49 million tons of certified voluntary reduction, amounting to 210 million yuan [2]. Timeline and Roadmap - The "Opinions" outline a timeline and roadmap for the national carbon market's development. By 2027, the mandatory carbon market will expand to cover major industrial emission sectors beyond power generation, steel, cement, and aluminum smelting. The voluntary carbon market aims for full coverage of key areas by 2027 and to establish a transparent, unified, and internationally aligned market by 2030 [3][4]. Quota Management System - A clear and transparent carbon emissions quota management system is essential for the healthy and orderly operation of the national carbon trading market. The quota distribution system will balance reduction targets with economic costs and industry differences, implementing total quota control for stable emission sectors by 2027 [4][5]. Development of Voluntary Carbon Market - The government aims to actively develop the national voluntary greenhouse gas reduction trading market, focusing on key areas and technologies for carbon peak and neutrality. This includes establishing a methodological system for voluntary reduction projects and enhancing market trading systems [6][7]. Market Mechanism Improvement - The construction of the national carbon market is a complex system engineering task that requires a problem-oriented and goal-oriented approach. The focus will be on improving the market mechanism, ensuring data reliability, and enhancing industry inclusiveness [7][8]. Management and Oversight - The ecological environment department will enhance carbon emission verification and strengthen the responsibility of key emission units for carbon accounting and reporting. There will be strict supervision of carbon emission data quality to combat fraudulent activities [9].