什么是第四代住宅？重庆的第四代住宅进展如何？从中我们能够看到些什么？

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the evolution of residential housing in China, highlighting the emergence of the fourth generation of residential properties, which integrates green ecology, smart technology, and human-centered design, particularly in Chongqing, a leading city in this development [1][11][15]. Group 1: Evolution of Residential Housing - The history of residential housing in China reflects urbanization and lifestyle changes, with each generation responding to the needs of the times and technological advancements [1]. - The first generation (pre-1990s) consisted of simple welfare housing with basic functions and small sizes, primarily meeting basic living needs [1]. - The second generation (1992-2008) introduced the concept of residential communities with improved amenities, although still focused on practicality, with average sizes not exceeding 90 square meters [3]. - The third generation (post-2009) emphasized human-centered design and green ecological housing, with elevator buildings becoming mainstream [5]. - The fourth generation features "urban forest garden residences" and "vertical ecological residences," focusing on the integration of nature and advanced living standards, including features like sky gardens and vertical greening [7][9]. Group 2: Characteristics of Fourth Generation Housing - Fourth generation housing breaks traditional design concepts by deeply integrating green ecology, smart technology, and human-centered spaces [9]. - Key features include independent sky gardens or shared green platforms, with greenery covering up to 40% of the unit area [9]. - Smart home technologies enhance convenience and security, while flexible space designs improve living experiences [9]. - High usable area rates are achieved through policy support, with some projects reporting usable rates of approximately 130% to over 140% [9]. Group 3: Chongqing as a Leader - Chongqing is the first city in China to systematically promote fourth generation housing, with significant policy support and market response [11]. - In 2023, Chongqing introduced guidelines that encourage innovative designs by not counting sky gardens towards the floor area ratio [11][12]. - By March 2025, over 20 fourth generation housing projects are completed or under construction in Chongqing, with expectations to exceed 80 projects in the next two years [13]. Group 4: Impact on Housing Market and Employment - The rise of fourth generation housing enhances residential quality and transforms living standards, allowing urban residents to enjoy nature within high-rise buildings [15]. - High-quality housing supply stabilizes market prices and boosts consumer confidence, catering to the demand for improved living conditions [15]. - The competitiveness of traditional second-hand housing declines due to the advantages of fourth generation properties, leading to potential price restructuring in the market [15]. - Developers are innovating to differentiate their products, which requires civil engineers and construction teams to adopt new technologies and sustainable practices [16]. Group 5: Broader Implications - The emergence of fourth generation housing reflects the aspirations of urban residents for a better quality of life, contributing to economic stability and consumption growth [15]. - This trend serves as a model for the transformation and upgrading of the Chinese real estate market, demonstrating that urban living can harmonize with nature [15].