美国制造业回流遇阻，印度能否成为下一个中国？

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the challenges and opportunities in the manufacturing sectors of the United States and India, highlighting the difficulties the U.S. faces in its manufacturing revival efforts while India positions itself as a potential next global manufacturing hub after China [1][4][15]. Group 1: U.S. Manufacturing Challenges - The U.S. government has implemented policies to encourage manufacturing return, but faces significant obstacles such as high labor costs, with an average hourly wage of $28.96, making it difficult to compete with other countries [4][10]. - There is a severe talent gap in the U.S. manufacturing workforce, with an estimated need for 22 million new jobs to restore the manufacturing glory of the 1970s, while the current unemployed population stands at 7.236 million [4][10]. Group 2: India's Manufacturing Potential - India boasts a large young labor force, with a minimum daily wage of approximately 14.4 RMB, making it an attractive destination for global manufacturers [7][10]. - The "Make in India" initiative has successfully attracted multinational companies, with India producing 23.9 million iPhones in the first half of 2025, accounting for 16.7% of global production, expected to rise to 25% by 2027 [7][10]. Group 3: Comparative Analysis - The comparison between the U.S. and India reveals that the U.S. has advanced technology and infrastructure but suffers from high costs and a talent shortage, while India has a demographic advantage and cost benefits but struggles with infrastructure and supply chain issues [13][15]. - The global supply chain restructuring has led companies to diversify their manufacturing strategies, moving beyond the question of whether India can become the next China, as each country seeks its unique position in the global value chain [15].