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日本发现大型稀土矿,足够全球使用730年,为什么迟迟不去开采?
Sou Hu Cai Jing·2025-09-07 15:39

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the critical importance of rare earth elements (REEs) in modern technology and industry, highlighting that the control of these resources equates to control over the future of high-tech industries [1][3]. Group 1: Japan's Dependence on Rare Earths - Japan relies heavily on imports for rare earths, with over 85% of its supply coming from China, leaving it vulnerable to supply disruptions [3][5]. - The country has minimal domestic reserves, with current stock levels insufficient to meet even a few days of demand [3][5]. Group 2: Discovery of Undersea Rare Earth Deposits - In 2012, Japanese researchers discovered a significant concentration of rare earths in seabed samples from the South Bird Island area, leading to excitement about potential domestic production [5][6]. - Official estimates suggest that the seabed contains over 16 million tons of rare earths, with specific elements like dysprosium, europium, and terbium having supply durations of 730 years, 620 years, and 420 years respectively [5][6]. Group 3: Challenges in Extraction - Despite the promising discovery, Japan has not extracted any rare earths from the seabed in over a decade, with plans for trial mining continuously delayed, now pushed to 2026 [6][7]. - The extraction process faces significant technical challenges due to extreme underwater conditions, including high pressure and low temperatures, which complicate the design of suitable mining equipment [8][10]. Group 4: Economic Viability and Environmental Concerns - The high costs associated with deep-sea mining, including the construction of specialized vessels and equipment, raise doubts about the economic feasibility of extracting rare earths compared to importing them [10][12]. - Environmental concerns have been raised regarding the impact of deep-sea mining on marine ecosystems, with opposition from scientists and Pacific island nations, which could hinder Japan's mining ambitions [12][14]. Group 5: Comparison with China's Approach - In contrast to Japan's struggles, China has developed a comprehensive and efficient rare earth industry, focusing on sustainable extraction and processing methods, which positions it favorably in the global market [14][16].