政策性金融工具、地方政府债、超长期特别国债、中央预算内资金的核心总结

Central Budget Investment - The central budget investment is set at 735 billion yuan, focusing on foundational, public welfare, and long-term projects [1] - The investment aims to stimulate social capital and drive economic recovery through government investment [1] Special Long-term Bonds - The plan includes issuing 1.3 trillion yuan in special long-term bonds, with a duration of 20-50 years, targeting "two重" (major strategic projects) and "two新" (new consumption policies) [1][15] - Of the total, 500 billion yuan is earmarked for new consumption policies, including equipment updates and consumer goods replacement [15] Local Government Special Bonds - The quota for local government special bonds is set at 4.4 trillion yuan, an increase of 500 billion yuan from the previous year, primarily for investment construction and land acquisition [1][7] - These bonds are intended for projects with certain revenue, ensuring that project income covers principal and interest [9][10] New Policy Financial Instruments - New policy financial instruments are designed to address funding shortages in high-risk areas like technology R&D and financing for small and medium enterprises [2][3] - The expected scale for these instruments is around 500 billion yuan, supporting technology innovation, consumption expansion, and foreign trade stability [2] Key Support Areas - The funding will support various sectors, including digital economy, artificial intelligence, low-altitude economy, green low-carbon initiatives, agriculture, transportation, and municipal infrastructure [4][8][12] - Specific projects include infrastructure for digital economy, AI applications, clean energy, and rural development [4][8] Project Selection and Management - Strict negative lists are enforced to prohibit funding for land reserves, commercial real estate, and other non-productive projects [5][11] - The project selection process emphasizes collaboration among multiple departments to ensure effective fund allocation [3][5] Summary of Financial Instruments - A comparison of new policy financial instruments, special long-term bonds, and local government bonds highlights their distinct characteristics, including issuance authority, risk levels, and funding sources [23]