90万台老旧电梯，为何总是修不好？

Core Insights - The article highlights the increasing frequency of elevator malfunctions in China, particularly focusing on the aging infrastructure and the associated safety risks [1][9][21]. Group 1: Elevator Safety Concerns - China has the highest number of elevators globally, with a total of 11.69 million elevators expected by Q1 2025, but over 900,000 are considered old, having been in use for more than 15 years [1][11]. - Elevator accidents accounted for 19.72% of all special equipment accidents in 2023, with 41 reported incidents resulting in 27 fatalities in 2024 [9][10]. - Residential elevators are particularly prone to accidents, comprising 59.83% of elevator incidents from 2019 to 2021 [10]. Group 2: Maintenance and Management Issues - The aging of elevators leads to frequent malfunctions, often due to core component deterioration such as oil leaks and rusted cables [12][21]. - Maintenance practices are often inadequate, with reports of maintenance records being falsified and routine inspections being superficial [23][24]. - A significant gap exists between the demand for elevator maintenance and the availability of qualified maintenance personnel, with a shortage of 500,000 to 700,000 workers in the industry [29]. Group 3: Financial and Structural Challenges - The cost of replacing an elevator can reach several hundred thousand yuan, making it a significant financial burden for many residential communities [31]. - Government subsidies for replacing old elevators exist, but the application process is complex and often leads to missed opportunities for upgrades [32][33]. - Homeowners often face challenges in reaching a consensus on funding for elevator replacements, particularly between high-rise and low-rise residents [42]. Group 4: Broader Implications - The issues surrounding elevator safety reflect broader problems in aging urban infrastructure, with over 220,000 old residential communities in China affecting more than 400 million residents [40]. - The article suggests that exploring owner responsibility systems and regular mandatory inspections could be potential solutions to improve elevator safety and maintenance [43][44].