恒坤新材IPO：盈利依赖引进产品代理业务，产能利用率不足仍扩产

Core Viewpoint - Xiamen Hengkang New Materials Technology Co., Ltd. (referred to as "Hengkang New Materials") has seen its IPO registered on the Sci-Tech Innovation Board as of September 12. The company heavily relies on a concentrated customer base, with 97% of its revenue coming from its top five clients, raising concerns about its growth sustainability and profitability despite strong revenue growth [1][2][3]. Group 1: Revenue and Profitability - Hengkang New Materials reported significant revenue growth during the reporting period, with revenues of 321.77 million yuan, 367.71 million yuan, and 547.94 million yuan from 2022 to 2024, respectively. However, net profits fluctuated, with figures of 99.73 million yuan, 89.76 million yuan, and 96.91 million yuan, indicating a "revenue growth without profit" trend [2][3]. - In the first half of 2025, the company achieved a revenue of 294.34 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 23.74%, while net profit decreased by 5.71% to 41.58 million yuan, with a significant drop of 25.18% in net profit after deducting non-recurring gains and losses [2][3][4]. Group 2: Customer Concentration - The company's revenue is highly dependent on a few key clients, with sales to the top five clients accounting for 99.22%, 97.92%, and 97.2% of total revenue during the reporting period, indicating a significant reliance on a limited customer base [3][4]. - Specifically, sales to a single client (Client A) contributed 72.35%, 66.74%, and 64.07% of total revenue in the respective years, highlighting the risk associated with such customer concentration [4]. Group 3: Product Profitability - Hengkang New Materials has two main product categories: self-produced products and introduced products. The revenue from self-produced products has been increasing, but the profit contribution remains low, with introduced products generating the majority of profits [6][7]. - The gross profit from introduced products was 189.41 million yuan, 167.92 million yuan, and 192.31 million yuan, while self-produced products generated gross profits of 41.43 million yuan, 57.72 million yuan, and 99.71 million yuan, indicating that introduced products account for over 65% of the company's profit [7][8]. Group 4: R&D Investment and Product Viability - The company has a high R&D expense ratio, with rates of 13.28%, 14.59%, and 16.17% during the reporting period, significantly above the industry average [11]. - Despite high R&D spending, the gross margin for self-produced products has been declining, falling below the industry average since 2023, raising questions about the technological content of its self-produced products [11]. Group 5: IPO Fund Utilization and Expansion Plans - Hengkang New Materials aims to raise 1.007 billion yuan through its IPO for expansion projects, including the second phase of integrated circuit precursor projects and advanced materials projects. However, the rationale behind these projects is questioned due to the ongoing losses in precursor materials [13][15]. - The company plans to expand its production capacity for KrF photoresist, which has consistently low utilization rates below 20%, raising concerns about the feasibility of such expansion [15].