国际能源署：低排放制氢项目发展面临阻力，但仍将强劲增长

Core Insights - The International Energy Agency (IEA) released the "Global Hydrogen Assessment 2025" report, indicating that the development of low-emission hydrogen has not met industry and government expectations, with recent project delays and cancellations. However, strong growth in low-emission hydrogen projects is expected by 2030 [1]. Group 1: Hydrogen Demand and Production - Global hydrogen demand is projected to reach nearly 100 million tons in 2024, a 2% increase from 2023, aligning with overall energy demand growth, primarily met by hydrogen produced from fossil fuels without emission reduction measures [3]. - Traditional industries such as refining and manufacturing remain the largest consumers of hydrogen [3]. Group 2: Low-Emission Hydrogen Technology - Traditional hydrogen production heavily relies on fossil fuels without capturing related emissions. Low-emission hydrogen, as an emerging technology, primarily utilizes renewable energy for water electrolysis or employs carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) to reduce carbon emissions during production [4]. - Currently, the cost of hydrogen production from fossil fuels is significantly lower than that of low-emission hydrogen. However, the report anticipates that by 2030, the cost gap between fossil fuel-based hydrogen and low-emission hydrogen will narrow due to decreasing technology costs and strong growth in renewable energy in certain regions, along with the implementation of new regulations [4]. Group 3: Project Growth Projections - The annual production capacity of projects that are operational, under construction, or have reached final investment decisions is expected to increase more than fivefold compared to 2024 levels, surpassing 4 million tons [6].