多了一条染色体，不应少了一份尊重（看新闻·说健康）

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the importance of addressing the use of derogatory terms related to Down syndrome, emphasizing respect for individuals with disabilities and the need for societal awareness and education [1][12]. Group 1: Understanding Down Syndrome - Down syndrome, named after British physician John Langdon Down, is caused by the presence of an extra 21st chromosome, leading to various physical and intellectual disabilities [2][3]. - The incidence of Down syndrome is approximately 1 in 600 to 1 in 800 live births globally, with a notable correlation to maternal age, particularly for mothers over 35 [8]. Group 2: Characteristics and Impact - Individuals with Down syndrome often exhibit distinct physical features such as a smaller head circumference, flat nasal bridge, and wide-set eyes, which can prompt further genetic testing [5]. - The condition is associated with moderate to severe intellectual disability, with most affected individuals having an IQ between 25 and 50, and they may also experience developmental delays and various health issues, including congenital heart defects [6]. Group 3: Management and Support - There is currently no cure for Down syndrome; management focuses on addressing associated health complications and providing early intervention through therapies [9]. - Prenatal screening methods, including non-invasive DNA testing and amniocentesis, are crucial for early detection and can significantly reduce the birth rate of children with Down syndrome [10]. Group 4: Societal Perspective - It is essential to combat stigma and discrimination against individuals with Down syndrome, promoting a more inclusive society that respects their dignity and rights [12]. - Families play a critical role in the rehabilitation process, providing structured training and support to help individuals with Down syndrome develop essential life skills [11].