可引起脑膜炎和肺炎！这种细菌该怎么预防？

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the increasing prevalence of respiratory infectious diseases, particularly focusing on Haemophilus influenzae (Hi), as the autumn and winter seasons approach [1] Group 1: Overview of Haemophilus influenzae - Haemophilus influenzae is a bacterium commonly found in the human nasopharynx, classified into encapsulated and non-encapsulated types, with type b (Hib) being the most pathogenic [2] Group 2: Health Risks - Hib can evade the immune system, leading to invasive diseases, particularly affecting children under 5 years old, especially those aged 6-18 months [3] - Common diseases caused by Hib include bacterial meningitis, pneumonia, epiglottitis, sepsis, and other serious infections [4] Group 3: Transmission - The primary sources of transmission are asymptomatic carriers and symptomatic patients [5] - Transmission occurs mainly through respiratory droplets or direct contact with respiratory secretions, with young children and immunocompromised individuals being particularly susceptible [6] Group 4: Prevention - Vaccination is the most effective public health intervention against invasive Hib diseases, with various vaccines available targeting Hib infections [7] - Good hygiene practices, such as handwashing and respiratory etiquette, are essential to reduce infection risk [8][9][10]