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美国 8 月非农数据大爆冷!新增就业不及预期,9 月 FOMC 政策走向成谜
Sou Hu Cai Jing·2025-09-16 10:38

Core Viewpoint - The unexpected employment report released by the U.S. Labor Department has created a dilemma for the Federal Reserve ahead of the upcoming FOMC meeting, causing anxiety among global investors [1][3]. Employment Data Summary - The core data from the report indicates that the U.S. added only 22,000 non-farm jobs in August, significantly below the market expectation of 75,000 [3]. - The report also revised previous data, notably adjusting June's non-farm employment from an initial 147,000 to -13,000, marking the first negative growth since 2021 [3]. Labor Market Analysis - The current U.S. labor market is characterized by a "distorted balance," reflecting weak supply and demand [6]. - On the demand side, the employment diffusion index stands at 49.6, indicating that more companies are reducing hiring than increasing it, primarily due to high interest rates and previous tariff impacts [7][8]. - On the supply side, the willingness of individuals to seek jobs is also low, with many older workers opting for early retirement and changes in immigration policies reducing the labor force [9]. Supply and Demand Dynamics - The labor market's supply-demand gap fell to -203,000 in August, the first negative value since May 2021, illustrating the dual weakness in both supply and demand [10]. Upcoming Economic Indicators - The employment data is just the first of several key indicators before the September FOMC meeting, including the initial non-farm adjustment on September 9, the Producer Price Index (PPI) on September 10, and the Consumer Price Index (CPI) on September 11 [13]. Federal Reserve's Dilemma - The Federal Reserve faces uncertainty with two potential scenarios: a "recession trade" if subsequent data shows significant downward revisions and weak inflation, or a "hawkish rate cut" if employment remains weak but inflation stays high [17][20]. - The market's expectation of nearly three rate cuts this year may be overly optimistic, and if the Fed's actions do not meet expectations, both interest rates and the dollar could reverse course [20].