要素市场化改革破冰，大湾区再成改革“排头兵”|时评

Core Viewpoint - The State Council has approved a pilot program for market-oriented allocation of factors in ten regions, including nine cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, aiming to inject new vitality into the region's development [1][3]. Group 1: Background and Rationale - The pilot program is part of China's broader economic reform, specifically targeting the "deep water zone" of factor market reform, which is considered more challenging than previous commodity market reforms [3]. - Since the initiation of reforms, most goods and services in China have achieved market pricing, but the factor market system remains underdeveloped, leading to inefficiencies in factor allocation and barriers to the flow of production factors across regions and industries [3]. Group 2: Key Elements of the Reform - The pilot program encompasses multiple areas of factor market allocation, including technology, land, human resources, data, capital, and environmental resources, with a focus on optimizing market mechanisms to enhance allocation efficiency [3][4]. - The initiative supports the establishment of an integrated "one network sharing" platform for public data management, which is expected to activate the data factor market and accelerate the flow of data elements, laying a solid foundation for the development of AI and digital industries in the Greater Bay Area [4]. Group 3: Strategic Focus for the Greater Bay Area - The Greater Bay Area must integrate the pilot reform with new productive forces, focusing on emerging sectors such as deep-sea, aviation, life health, new energy, and artificial intelligence to promote innovative allocation of production factors [5]. - The reform should also leverage the cross-border advantages of the Greater Bay Area, such as facilitating the residency of foreign talents and implementing social security policies for Hong Kong and Macao residents, thereby enhancing talent mobility and support for enterprises [5]. Group 4: Future Outlook - As the comprehensive reform of factor market allocation deepens, technological innovation, free flow of production factors, and cross-border collaboration are expected to drive the sustainable economic and social development of Hong Kong and Macao [6]. - The Greater Bay Area is anticipated to become a significant growth engine for China's economy and provide valuable experiences for nationwide factor market reform that can be replicated and promoted [6].