扩大内需财政政策还能做什么？个税减免还有空间吗？专家热议

Core Viewpoint - The United States leverages its position as the world's largest consumer market to exert pressure on other countries through tariffs, as highlighted by Liu Xiaochuan during the recent Economic Development Forum [1][4]. Group 1: Economic Policies and Domestic Demand - Expanding domestic demand is crucial for economic growth, and effective policy measures, including fiscal, monetary, and trade policies, are essential to achieve this goal [1][4]. - Tax reduction is often considered a primary method to stimulate demand, but experts suggest a more targeted approach, focusing on direct taxes like corporate and personal income taxes to effectively boost domestic consumption [4][5]. - The relationship between fiscal policy and macroeconomic conditions is vital, as factors like inflation can significantly impact consumer spending and overall economic health [4][5]. Group 2: Innovation and Supply-Side Dynamics - High-quality supply can drive consumption, with consumers increasingly demanding better quality products, especially in the context of technological advancements and new industries [7][8]. - Fiscal policies should encourage innovation on the supply side to create demand, while also avoiding pitfalls such as excessive competition and fraudulent practices [7][8]. - A balanced approach is necessary, where fiscal policies do not disproportionately favor large enterprises, ensuring fair competition and fostering innovation across the market [8]. Group 3: Special Bonds and Employment - Special bonds issued by local governments are a significant tool for fiscal policy, capable of stimulating infrastructure investment and job creation [10][11]. - Research indicates that approximately 50,800 yuan of special bond investment can create one job, highlighting the potential of these bonds to enhance domestic demand through employment [10]. - As of this year, 2.78 trillion yuan in new local government special bonds have been issued, with a focus on supporting local debt management and infrastructure projects [11][12].