5%电力供应悬于一线？美国94座核反应堆的生死线握在俄罗斯手中

Group 1 - The U.S. is currently unable to completely cut off its reliance on Russian enriched uranium, despite efforts to reduce this dependency, indicating a significant challenge in achieving energy independence [1][3] - Russia controls 40% of the global uranium enrichment capacity, and nearly a quarter of the enriched uranium needed for the 94 operating nuclear power plants in the U.S. is imported from Russia, which provides about 20% of the country's electricity [3][5] - A sudden halt in imports from Russia could lead to an immediate loss of approximately 5% of the U.S. electricity supply, highlighting the careful consideration of national energy security behind the continued trade [3][5] Group 2 - The U.S. government predicts a significant increase in uranium demand due to the extension of existing large nuclear power plants and the promotion of new small modular reactors, with global uranium demand expected to grow by about 30% by 2030 [3][5] - Current uranium production is projected to decrease by half between 2030 and 2040, exacerbating supply-demand imbalances in the market [3][5] - The U.S. is taking measures to reduce reliance on Russia by accelerating domestic uranium mining and enrichment capacity, including the establishment of new domestic refining facilities and increasing production capacity at a joint venture in New Mexico [5] Group 3 - The uranium enrichment industry faces high technical barriers, significant investment requirements, and long approval cycles, making it challenging for the U.S. to achieve energy independence quickly [5] - The global situation reflects similar challenges, as Kazakhstan, the largest uranium producer, lacks the enrichment capacity of Russia, contributing to uncertainties in energy supply [5] - The U.S. transition efforts will not only impact its own energy security but will also significantly influence the future distribution of global uranium resources [5]