NbS下的蓝色修复方案

Core Viewpoint - Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are gaining recognition globally, including in China, as a new approach to address challenges such as climate change, ecological degradation, and biodiversity loss [1] Challenges - The current marine ecological restoration practices face five core challenges: high costs, small scale, unsatisfactory results, limited types, and excessive human intervention [4] - Global marine ecological restoration costs are generally 10 to 400 times higher than terrestrial ecosystems, with median costs for coral reefs, seagrasses, and mangroves reaching $80,000 per hectare, and averages as high as $1.6 million per hectare [4] - Most coastal ecological restoration projects cover less than 10 hectares, while the global area needing restoration is between 100,000 to 1 million hectares [4] - Only 40% of marine ecosystem types have undergone restoration, with significant gaps in areas like "marine deserts" due to technical limitations and lack of awareness [4] Restoration Success Rates - Survival rates for common marine ecological restoration types are low, with seagrass at 30.8% and salt marshes at around 64%, while coral transplants in Japan had a survival rate of less than 20% after four years [5] Solutions - To build a low-cost, large-scale marine ecological restoration system, it is essential to adopt NbS principles, emphasizing natural recovery over artificial methods [7] - Innovative management models should be developed, focusing on long-term ecological monitoring and flexible engineering goals [7] - International collaboration and funding should be directed towards developing countries where restoration costs are lower and benefits are higher [7] Technological Innovations - Multi-ecosystem restoration approaches, such as simultaneous restoration of mangroves and coral reefs, should be explored [8] - Deep-sea restoration technologies and ecological connectivity enhancement are crucial for promoting marine rewilding [8] - Research and development of low-cost restoration technologies and equipment are necessary to improve efficiency [8] Public Participation - Increasing community and volunteer involvement can lower costs and enhance restoration outcomes, linking ecological restoration with local poverty alleviation [9] - Establishing a collaborative mechanism among scientists, communities, and governments can foster public engagement and knowledge sharing [9] Future Outlook - China's transition from a global environmental governance participant to a leader is underway, with marine ecological restoration evolving from localized efforts to systematic approaches [11] - Future projects should integrate ecological restoration with sustainable development goals, emphasizing the importance of respecting and aligning with natural processes for long-term success [11]