中国科学院院士张人禾：1.5℃温控目标下 气候变化加快行业格局重塑

Core Insights - Extreme weather is becoming a new economic variable, with 2024 projected to be the first year to exceed the 1.5℃ target set by the Paris Agreement [1][6] - Human activities are directly linked to the significant rise in carbon dioxide concentrations and climate warming over the past century, necessitating stronger emission reduction measures to meet climate goals [3][6] Group 1: Climate Change and Human Activity - The rapid increase in carbon dioxide levels over the last century is unprecedented in Earth's history, confirming a direct correlation with human activities [3][4] - Distinguishing between natural climate variability and human-induced changes is crucial for accurate climate assessments and effective policy decisions [5][6] Group 2: Impact on Industries - The energy sector is most affected by climate change, with fossil fuel combustion accounting for over 80% of total carbon emissions, driving a shift towards clean energy [8][9] - Other sectors like transportation, retail, and manufacturing are also significantly impacted, particularly by extreme weather events that alter demand patterns [9][10] Group 3: Risk Management and Opportunities - Companies can mitigate risks from climate change by transitioning to clean energy and utilizing weather forecasts to adjust production and supply chain strategies [10][12] - Enhanced weather prediction capabilities are essential for industries to anticipate extreme weather and optimize resource allocation [10][12] Group 4: Technological Advancements - Key technological developments in monitoring and forecasting are necessary to accurately assess atmospheric carbon levels and predict extreme weather events [11][12] - Improved forecasting for renewable energy sources like solar and wind is critical for optimizing energy production and usage [13]