世贸组织总干事伊维拉：多边主义受到打击，但还活着

Core Points - The global trade system has been impacted by unilateral tariff actions from the United States, yet it retains a resilient multilateral core [3][7][8] - Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, the first female and African Director-General of the WTO, emphasizes the need for reform and addressing key issues within the organization [5][9] - The WTO's Fisheries Subsidies Agreement, which took 21 years to negotiate, has recently come into effect, marking a significant achievement for multilateral trade [7][8] Group 1: Current Trade Environment - The WTO predicts a 0.9% growth in global merchandise trade for the year, a decrease from the pre-tariff forecast of 2.7% [8] - Despite challenges, approximately 72% of global trade is still conducted under WTO rules, down from 80% before the tariffs [7][8] Group 2: Reform and Challenges - Reform is identified as a critical task for the WTO, with a focus on addressing member concerns regarding fairness, transparency, and inclusivity in the trade system [9][10] - The decision-making process within the WTO, which requires consensus among all 166 members, is a significant point of contention, often hindering timely decisions [10] Group 3: Dispute Resolution Mechanism - The WTO's dispute resolution mechanism remains operational despite the suspension of the appellate body since 2019, with ongoing consultations for 16 cases [11][12] - A temporary multilateral appeal arrangement (MPIA) has been established by several members to address the lack of functioning appellate judges, covering 57.6% of global trade [12]