焦点访谈｜“十四五”时期，这份卫生健康领域答卷写满民生温度

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the significant improvements in China's healthcare system during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, highlighting the establishment of the world's largest disease prevention and control system and medical service system [1] Healthcare System Development - By 2024, the average life expectancy of Chinese residents is projected to reach 79 years, with health literacy levels increasing to 31.9% [1] - Basic medical insurance now covers over 1.3 billion residents, with continuous improvements in the accessibility, equity, and capability of health services [1] Case Study: Heart Transplant in Yunnan - A heart disease patient, Chen Hui, underwent a heart transplant at Yunnan Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, which is a national regional medical center established in collaboration with the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences [3][5] - The hospital aims to provide medical services comparable to those in Beijing, with trained personnel and similar management systems [5] Resource Allocation and Accessibility - The government is optimizing resource allocation to ensure that major illnesses are treated within provinces, general illnesses are addressed at city and county levels, and routine health issues are managed at the grassroots level [7] - By the end of 2024, over 90% of residents will be able to reach the nearest medical service point within 15 minutes, with a total of 1.09 million medical institutions and 15.78 million health personnel nationwide [7] Community Health Initiatives - The establishment of tightly-knit county medical communities has led to a 20% increase in grassroots diagnosis and treatment, while the number of referrals to county hospitals has decreased by over 10% [9] - By 2024, the number of patients utilizing two-way referrals is expected to reach 36 million, a 46% increase from 2020 [9] Elderly and Pediatric Care - The healthcare system is focusing on the elderly and children, with over 3 billion people aged 60 and above and significant improvements in pediatric services [12] - By 2024, 80% of grassroots medical institutions will provide services for common pediatric illnesses, and the number of pediatric practitioners is expected to increase by nearly 50% compared to 2020 [12] Public Health and Safety - A robust public health monitoring system has been established, covering over 84,000 medical institutions and 29 provinces with biosafety laboratories [14] - The government has built 25 national teams for the prevention of acute infectious diseases [14] Support for Childbearing - By 2024, the number of childcare placements is projected to reach 5.737 million, a 126% increase from the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan" [15] Traditional Chinese Medicine Accessibility - The number of visits to traditional Chinese medicine facilities has increased by 60% since the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan," with a coverage rate of 96% for county-level TCM institutions [17] Overall Healthcare Improvement - The construction of national medical centers and regional medical centers has reduced the disparity in healthcare resources between eastern, central, and western regions [17] - The healthcare system is continuously innovating, ensuring that more patients can access affordable and effective domestic medications and medical devices [17]