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国外处理电子垃圾,各有妙招(国际视点)
Ren Min Ri Bao·2025-09-23 21:52

Group 1: Electronic Waste Management Initiatives - The rapid turnover of consumer electronics has led to increasing concerns about electronic waste management, prompting countries like Germany, Japan, and Belgium to implement standards and initiatives for electronic recycling and waste reduction [1] - Germany has introduced an effective trade-in incentive mechanism, allowing consumers to exchange old devices for vouchers, significantly increasing the recycling rate of old mobile phones, with an estimated 210 million unused phones in households [2][3] - Japan has established strict regulations under the Home Appliance Recycling Law, requiring consumers to pay for recycling services, which has resulted in high recycling rates for various appliances, such as 93% for air conditioners and 80% for refrigerators [5] Group 2: Recycling Technologies and Practices - Companies like 博萃循环 in Germany are innovating battery recycling technologies, achieving a recovery rate of up to 99% for critical materials through advanced separation techniques [3] - Panasonic's recycling facility in Japan processes around 550,000 appliances annually, achieving high purity levels for metals and plastics through meticulous manual and automated dismantling processes [4] - Belgium's recycling centers focus on sorting and repairing usable electronics, with a significant portion being refurbished and sold at low prices, while non-repairable items are processed for material recovery [7] Group 3: Public Engagement and Education - Belgium emphasizes community involvement in recycling efforts, with initiatives like "repair cafes" where volunteers help fix appliances and educate the public on recycling practices [6] - The non-profit organization "Recycling" in Belgium coordinates national electronic waste collection, requiring consumers to pay a recycling fee when purchasing new electronics, which funds the recycling process [6] - Educational programs targeting children are being implemented in Belgium to instill the value of recycling and resource recovery from a young age, exemplified by the creation of a robot made from discarded electronics [6]