美国挥舞制裁大棒，剑指中国百年能源大计，光伏绞杀如何绝地反击

Core Insights - The article highlights the rise of China's photovoltaic (PV) industry, showcasing its transformation from near collapse to global leadership in solar energy [1][3]. Industry Overview - In 2022, 17 out of the top 20 global PV companies were Chinese, illustrating China's dominant position in the solar energy sector [3]. - The history of China's PV industry is marked by significant challenges and competition, particularly in the context of the US-China energy rivalry [5]. Historical Context - The US initiated its PV industry in the 1970s, while China only began its journey in 2000 when a scholar named Shi Zhengrong returned to China to start a solar technology company [7]. - In 2002, the first 10 MW production line was launched by a Chinese company, which was equivalent to the total solar cell production of China in the previous four years [9]. Market Challenges - The early years of the Chinese PV industry faced a supply-demand mismatch, with 90% of silicon materials imported and 90% of products exported [11]. - The 2008 financial crisis severely impacted the industry, leading to a drastic drop in polysilicon prices and significant financial losses for companies like Suntech [11]. - The US imposed punitive tariffs on Chinese PV products in 2011, resulting in numerous company bankruptcies [11][12]. Industry Resilience - In response to crises, Chinese companies innovated and reduced costs, with GCL Group lowering polysilicon costs to $25 per kg and LONGi Green Energy achieving significant efficiency improvements in solar cells [13]. - By 2021, China achieved grid parity for solar energy, reducing its reliance on subsidies and solidifying its global leadership despite US sanctions on Xinjiang solar products [15]. Current Landscape - The article concludes that after two decades of competition and challenges, China's PV industry has emerged stronger and is now leading the global market [15].