格外仰赖进口，美国万亿AI基建潮急缺这“四宝” 谁能生产？

Core Insights - The increasing reliance on foreign suppliers for critical components in the U.S. AI infrastructure development is becoming a significant concern as more data center projects are announced [1][5] - The construction of traditional power plants, including gas and nuclear facilities, is hindered by the unavailability of specialized components that the U.S. cannot produce in large quantities [1] Group 1: Key Components and Suppliers - Gas turbines are dominated by three major OEMs: General Electric's Vernova, Siemens, and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, with nearly 50% of the U.S. supply coming from imports [1] - The U.S. no longer produces large integrated reactor pressure vessels and related hardware, relying on foreign manufacturers like Doosan from South Korea for components used in new nuclear plants [1] - Over 80% of large transformers, essential for transmitting electricity from power plants to the grid, are manufactured by suppliers from countries such as South Korea, Germany, and Canada [2] Group 2: Cost Implications and Tariffs - The rising tariffs on imported goods exacerbate the complexity of AI infrastructure projects, potentially increasing budgets by 3%-6%, translating to hundreds of millions in costs for multi-billion dollar energy projects [4][5] - Despite some countries enjoying lower tariff rates, the overall scale of required materials and equipment will still lead to increased costs [4] Group 3: Labor Challenges - A significant expansion of skilled labor is necessary to support the rapid growth of industrial infrastructure, with shortages in welders, mechanics, and electricians posing a critical bottleneck [5] - The construction industry in the U.S. is currently in decline, highlighting the urgency of addressing labor shortages to ensure project feasibility in the coming years [5]