智库 | 以“投资于人”推进全方位扩大内需的基础理论与根本路径

Core Viewpoint - The central economic strategy for China emphasizes the comprehensive expansion of domestic demand as a primary driver for economic growth and stability, addressing current challenges of insufficient domestic demand and external uncertainties [1][2]. Group 1: Investment in People - "Investment in people" is crucial for enhancing human capital and driving structural reforms in supply-side economics, especially in the context of low consumption rates and an aging population [2][4]. - The concept of "investment in people" focuses on optimizing resource allocation to promote comprehensive human development and meet the public's needs for a better life [7][11]. - The government is identified as the primary investor in human capital, with significant implications for education, healthcare, and social services [3][4]. Group 2: Economic Growth and Social Development - "Investment in people" plays a vital role in economic growth by releasing consumption potential, optimizing investment structures, and enhancing social adaptability [3][10]. - The relationship between "investment in people" and "investment in material" is complementary, where both are necessary for sustainable economic development [8][9]. - The economic benefits of investing in human capital are shown to surpass those of material investments, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach [9][10]. Group 3: Current Challenges and Needs - China's current low consumption rate, which dropped from 45.5% in 2001 to 39.1% in 2023, highlights the urgent need for "investment in people" to enhance consumer capacity and stimulate demand [24][26]. - The aging population and declining labor force participation necessitate a shift from demographic dividends to talent dividends through human capital investment [26][29]. - The disparity in educational attainment and the slow improvement in labor force education levels call for significant investment in education and training [27][30]. Group 4: Policy Recommendations - To effectively implement "investment in people," policies should focus on enhancing education, employment, and healthcare systems, ensuring equitable access and quality [29][30][33]. - A comprehensive approach to public service systems is essential, integrating "investment in people" with material investments to create a virtuous cycle of economic growth and improved living standards [29][30]. - Specific measures include increasing funding for education, promoting lifelong learning, and enhancing healthcare services to support overall human development [30][33].