路透社：从电动牙刷到个人电脑，美国将按照所含芯片数量征收关税

Group 1 - The U.S. is exploring a new tariff scheme that imposes tariffs on imported electronic devices based on the number of chips they contain, aiming to encourage manufacturing to return to the U.S. [1] - The Biden administration has signed the CHIPS Act and Inflation Reduction Act to incentivize domestic semiconductor production and the purchase of U.S.-made vehicles through government subsidies [4] - The advanced chip manufacturing sector is a key target for U.S. manufacturing return initiatives, with historical investments dating back to the Obama administration [6] Group 2 - The U.S. has seen a decline in manufacturing's contribution to GDP, dropping from 20% in 1980 to 11.8% in 2009, while the financial sector's share increased [12] - The U.S. has shifted much of its manufacturing to Asia, leading to a hollowing out of its domestic manufacturing base, which has resulted in increased reliance on imports [12] - U.S. sanctions against China's chip industry aim to counter China's advanced chip manufacturing capabilities, with TSMC being pressured to relocate its technology to the U.S. [13][16] Group 3 - The competition between U.S. and Chinese companies in the manufacturing sector is intensifying, with the U.S. using legislative and tariff policies to retain advanced manufacturing technologies domestically [16] - Chinese companies are being forced to abandon globalization and focus on developing independent manufacturing technology chains in response to U.S. pressures [16]