被美国人连续收割三次？阿根廷是如何从发达国家沦落的

Core Insights - Argentina, once one of the wealthiest countries in the world, is now trapped in a middle-income trap with rampant inflation, high unemployment, and rapid currency devaluation [4] - The Argentine central bank raised the benchmark interest rate by 950 basis points to a historic high of 69.5%, but due to hyperinflation, the real purchasing power of savings is significantly diminished [4][6] - The economic crisis in Argentina can be traced back to the 1970s when the government heavily borrowed, leading to a debt crisis exacerbated by the U.S. Federal Reserve's tightening policies in the early 1980s [4][6] Historical Context - In the 1970s, Argentina's external debt surged from $25 billion to $75 billion within four years, primarily used for subsidies and infrastructure with little return on investment [4] - The 1982 debt default led to the intervention of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), which imposed austerity measures that facilitated the extraction of Argentine assets by Wall Street [4][6] - The 1989 economic reforms under President Menem, which pegged the peso to the dollar, initially reduced inflation but ignored the cyclical nature of the dollar [4][6] Recent Developments - By 1999, Argentina's unemployment rate reached 18%, and government debt ballooned to $150 billion, culminating in a second debt default in 2002 [6] - The government’s decision to lift foreign exchange controls post-2015 has led to an annual inflation rate of 80%, with the high benchmark interest rate seen as a deceptive measure [6] - Argentina's decline from a prosperous nation to a serial defaulter serves as a cautionary tale for other developing countries regarding the fragility of economic sovereignty under the dollar-dominated system [6]