中美贸易战重启？美国新制裁瞄准中国芯片？中国或用稀土还击？

Core Viewpoint - The recent expansion of U.S. export controls against Chinese companies indicates a potential restart of the U.S.-China trade war, particularly focusing on the semiconductor industry [1][3][8]. Group 1: U.S. Export Control Regulations - The U.S. Department of Commerce has introduced new "penetrating export control rules" that expand the restricted export list to include subsidiaries owned 50% or more by blacklisted entities [6][14]. - This regulation requires U.S. exporters to obtain licenses to ship goods or technology to these subsidiaries, significantly increasing the number of companies needing licenses to access U.S. goods and services [6][15]. Group 2: Targeted Impact on Chinese Companies - The new sanctions specifically target companies in the semiconductor and chip manufacturing sectors, indicating a strategic focus on limiting China's advancements in these critical technologies [8][12]. - The rules are expected to increase compliance risks and operational uncertainties for Chinese companies attempting to navigate U.S. sanctions through normal business arrangements [15]. Group 3: Responses and Reactions - The Chinese Ministry of Commerce has condemned the U.S. measures as an abuse of export controls and a threat to international trade order, asserting that it undermines the legitimate rights of affected enterprises [16][18]. - China is considering potential countermeasures, including restrictions on U.S. access to critical minerals like gallium and germanium, as well as retaliatory trade measures against U.S. entities that harm Chinese interests [20][22].