“十四五”时期 中国建成世界上规模最大水利基础设施体系

Core Viewpoint - China has established the world's largest water conservancy infrastructure system, contributing significantly to flood control, water supply, food security, and ecological safety during the 14th Five-Year Plan period [4][2]. Infrastructure Development - Since the beginning of the 14th Five-Year Plan, 172 major water conservancy projects have been initiated, optimizing the layout, structure, function, and system integration of water conservancy infrastructure [3]. - By the end of 2024, China will have built 95,000 reservoirs, 200 large and medium-sized water diversion projects, 6,924 large and medium-sized irrigation areas, and 318,000 kilometers of embankments [3]. - Water conservancy investment has exceeded 1 trillion yuan for three consecutive years from 2022 to 2024, with total investment during the 14th Five-Year Plan expected to surpass 5.4 trillion yuan, 1.6 times that of the 13th Five-Year Plan [3]. Disaster Prevention and Response - The country has successfully managed floods exceeding warning levels in 3,981 rivers and has not experienced any major dam failures since 2022, demonstrating enhanced flood and drought disaster prevention capabilities [3]. - Effective measures have been taken to ensure water supply for both drinking and irrigation in drought-affected areas, particularly in the Yangtze and Pearl River basins [3]. Environmental Improvement - The 14th Five-Year Plan has led to significant improvements in the ecological conditions of key rivers and lakes, achieving a 98.6% compliance rate for ecological flow standards [5]. - Initiatives such as the Mother River Revival Action have resulted in the restoration of over 1,300 square kilometers of water area in major lakes [5]. Water Resource Efficiency - During the 14th Five-Year Plan, China's total water consumption has remained stable despite an average economic growth rate of 5.5% [6]. - The water usage per unit of GDP and industrial added value has decreased by 17.7% and 23.6%, respectively, compared to 2020 [7]. Technological and Institutional Advancements - The development of a digital twin water conservancy system has been prioritized to enhance flood prevention and water resource management [9]. - New laws and regulations, including the Yangtze River Protection Law and the Groundwater Management Regulations, have been implemented to strengthen water resource management [9].