花几十亿补贴却造不出中国百元产品，印度制造怎么了？

Core Insights - The cost of manufacturing small fans in India is significantly higher than in China, primarily due to the lack of a complete supply chain and advanced manufacturing capabilities [1][3][5] - Despite government initiatives like "Make in India 2025," India continues to rely heavily on imports for essential components, including motors and batteries, with 80% of its motor imports coming from China [3][5][9] - The current state of India's manufacturing sector is characterized by a reliance on assembly rather than full-scale production, leading to low profit margins and insufficient investment in technology development [5][7][9] Supply Chain and Manufacturing Challenges - China's manufacturing advantage lies in its integrated supply chain, where all necessary components can be sourced locally, while Indian manufacturers face challenges in sourcing even basic parts [3][7] - The inability to produce critical components, such as permanent magnets and precision screws, hampers India's manufacturing capabilities and competitiveness [5][7] - India's attempts to establish a domestic battery manufacturing industry have not yet yielded significant results, with new factories unable to match the output of even a medium-sized Chinese facility [7][9] Market Dynamics and Future Outlook - The perception that manufacturing will shift from China to India is considered unrealistic, as India lacks the foundational infrastructure and technology to support such a transition [5][9] - Indian manufacturers are often forced to import Chinese products, rebrand them, and sell them at a markup, which does not contribute to genuine manufacturing growth [5][9] - The aspiration for a robust manufacturing sector in India may take decades to materialize, as current policies and market conditions do not support sustainable development [9]