高盛高举看涨大旗：金价超预期上涨的风险更高！

Core Viewpoint - Goldman Sachs reaffirms its prediction that gold prices will reach $4,000 per ounce by mid-2026, driven by strong demand from core buyers, particularly central banks and gold ETFs [2][5]. Group 1: Gold Price Forecast - Gold prices have increased nearly 48% since 2025 and are expected to record double-digit growth for the third consecutive year [2][5]. - The forecast is supported by two main factors: robust structural demand from central banks and the accommodative policies of the Federal Reserve, which will boost gold ETF demand [5]. Group 2: Buyer Categories - Gold buyers are categorized into two groups: "steadfast buyers" and "speculative buyers." Steadfast buyers, including central banks and gold ETFs, tend to buy regardless of price fluctuations, while speculative buyers, such as household investors in emerging markets, enter the market based on perceived price attractiveness [5][6]. - A rule of thumb indicates that for every 100 tons of gold net bought by steadfast buyers, gold prices increase by approximately 1.7% [5]. Group 3: Central Bank Demand - Central banks' gold purchases have slowed in July but are expected to accelerate from September, aligning with seasonal trends [6]. - Since the onset of the Russia-Ukraine conflict in 2022, central banks, particularly in emerging markets, have increased their gold buying pace by about five times, indicating a structural shift in foreign reserve management [6][7]. Group 4: Emerging Market Central Banks - Emerging market central banks have a significantly lower gold allocation compared to developed market central banks, with estimates suggesting that China's gold holdings account for less than 10% of its foreign reserves, while developed economies have around 70% [7]. - A recent survey by the World Gold Council indicates that approximately 95% of central banks expect to increase their gold holdings in the next 12 months, with 43% planning to raise their gold reserves, the highest percentage since the survey began in 2018 [7]. Group 5: Speculative Positions - Large investors, including hedge funds, show a bullish sentiment towards gold in the derivatives market, with net long positions at the highest level since 2014 [8]. - The increase in speculative long positions may pose a risk of short-term price corrections, as historically, speculative holdings tend to revert to the mean [11].