印度囤低价俄油转售欧洲：三年狂赚250亿，如今遭美制裁反噬

Core Points - The trade war between the US and India officially began on August 6, 2025, when the Trump administration imposed a 25% tariff on Indian oil imports from Russia, escalating tensions in global trade [1] - The US had already increased tariffs on Indian exports by 25% on August 1, 2025, citing India's long-standing purchases of arms and oil from Russia, leading to a total tariff rate of 50% on Indian goods exported to the US [3][5] - India's economy, which relies heavily on exports to the US, is projected to suffer a GDP growth decline of 0.4 percentage points due to the new tariffs, with the textile industry facing significant job losses [5] Trade Dynamics - In 2024, India's exports to the US reached $87 billion, accounting for 3% of its GDP, with key exports including pharmaceuticals, jewelry, auto parts, and textiles [5] - India's oil reserves are limited, with only 5.9 billion barrels, representing 0.3% of global reserves, and domestic production has been declining for seven consecutive years [7] - Despite limited domestic production, India's oil demand is projected to reach 240 million tons in 2024, marking a historical high, with an expected annual growth rate of 4% to 5% over the next decade [7] Diplomatic Responses - In response to the tariffs, India's Ministry of External Affairs criticized the US for its "double standards," highlighting that the US and Europe purchase more Russian oil than India [8] - Historically, the US has overlooked India's oil purchases from Russia to counterbalance China's influence, but the recent shift in US policy reflects a change in geopolitical strategy [9][11] Economic Implications - India's high dependency on oil imports is evident, with an 89% reliance on imports in 2024, costing over $132 billion, which has led to conflicts with US sanctions [11] - The Indian government has benefited from low-priced Russian oil, saving over $4.4 billion from 2022 to 2024, and achieving a GDP growth rate of 9.19% in 2023 [12] - Following the sanctions, Indian refineries plan to reduce Russian oil imports starting in October 2025, indicating a retreat in response to US pressure [14] Geopolitical Context - The trade friction between the US and India reflects broader geopolitical tensions, with both countries using economic measures as tools in their strategic competition [15]