什么是环保概念，涵盖哪些产业链

Core Insights - The environmental protection concept encompasses a series of industrial activities and technological applications aimed at reducing environmental damage, lowering pollution emissions, and enhancing resource utilization efficiency [1] - The global climate change issue has led governments to implement policies supporting green transformation, making the environmental protection concept a significant focus in capital markets [1] Industry Structure - The environmental protection industry chain includes upstream technology research and equipment manufacturing, midstream environmental governance and operational services, and downstream resource recycling [1] - Upstream activities involve the development and production of energy-saving and environmentally friendly materials, renewable energy technologies, and pollution monitoring instruments [1] - Midstream focuses on pollution control projects such as wastewater treatment, flue gas purification, and solid waste management [1] - Downstream emphasizes the recycling and reuse of waste materials, including the recovery of metals, dismantling of electronic products, and biomass energy conversion [1] Clean Energy and Infrastructure - The environmental protection concept extends to the application of clean energy as a substitute for traditional fossil fuels, including the development of wind, solar, and hydrogen energy [1] - Supporting infrastructure such as smart grids and energy storage systems are also critical components of green low-carbon development [1] Investment Opportunities - Understanding the structure of the environmental protection industry chain helps investors identify investment opportunities at different stages [2] - Environmental governance demand may be released first due to policy drivers, while long-term growth potential may arise from technological innovation and circular economy models [2] - The environmental protection industry is significantly influenced by policies, and some areas may have longer return cycles, necessitating a comprehensive assessment of macroeconomic conditions and industry trends for investment decisions [2]