加拿大学者建议：把“贸易流氓”踢出WTO，让美沦为“国际弃儿”

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the United States' role in the World Trade Organization (WTO), highlighting its self-proclaimed status as a founding member while simultaneously undermining the organization's rules when they no longer serve its interests [1][5]. Group 1: U.S. Actions and Criticism - A Canadian scholar labeled the U.S. as a "trade rogue," criticizing its return to protectionist policies reminiscent of the Great Depression, and suggested expelling the U.S. from the WTO [3]. - Since 2018, the U.S. has frequently violated international trade rules, raising tariffs and obstructing the appointment of judges to the WTO's appellate body, effectively paralyzing its dispute resolution mechanism [5]. - The U.S. has threatened to withdraw from the WTO while simultaneously attempting to control its budget and influence personnel appointments, turning the organization into a platform that primarily serves U.S. interests [5][8]. Group 2: Challenges of Expulsion - The possibility of expelling the U.S. from the WTO is virtually impossible due to the lack of a mechanism for collective expulsion, as outlined in the Marrakesh Agreement [6]. - Despite discussions in Congress about potential withdrawal, there has been no definitive outcome, indicating that the U.S. is unlikely to leave the WTO voluntarily [6][9]. - The U.S. remains the largest player in the WTO, making it difficult for other countries to effectively respond to its rule-breaking behavior [9]. Group 3: EU's Response and Future Implications - The EU is developing a "Plan B" to establish a new multilateral dispute resolution mechanism, indicating a growing discontent with the current WTO structure under U.S. influence [8]. - The U.S. has been dismantling key pillars of the WTO, such as the most-favored-nation treatment and the dispute resolution mechanism, which has led to a collapse of these systems [8]. - The U.S.'s imposition of a 50% tariff in 2025 serves as a final ultimatum to other countries, emphasizing its willingness to escalate tensions if its demands are not met [8].