1957年，中国女子将两个小瓶带回国，美国海关因疏忽放行而后悔

Core Insights - The article highlights the story of Lin Lanying, a Chinese scientist who made significant contributions to the semiconductor industry after returning to China from the United States, emphasizing her dedication to her homeland and the impact of her work on China's technological advancement [3][5][12]. Group 1: Lin Lanying's Background and Decision - Lin Lanying completed her studies in the U.S., earning a PhD and working as a senior engineer in the semiconductor field, but chose to return to China at her family's request, despite the attractive opportunities in the U.S. [3][5]. - The U.S. attempted to retain her through high salaries and benefits, recognizing her expertise and contributions to patented technologies [5]. Group 2: The Critical Moment at Customs - In 1957, while returning to China, Lin carried two crucial research materials disguised as medicine, which were key to semiconductor research [6][7]. - During customs inspection, she cleverly diverted attention by offering a large sum of $6,800, allowing her to successfully bring the materials back to China [6]. Group 3: Contributions to Semiconductor Research - The materials Lin brought back were germanium and silicon single crystal samples, which opened the door for semiconductor research in China [7]. - Within seven months of her return, China successfully produced its first germanium single crystal, followed by the first silicon single crystal the next year, contradicting U.S. claims about China's capabilities in the semiconductor field [7][8]. Group 4: Innovations and Achievements - Lin Lanying adapted to local conditions by designing a new type of single crystal furnace due to the lack of critical materials like argon gas, leading to advancements in silicon single crystal technology by 1962 [8]. - By the mid-1960s, China was producing silicon planar crystals, laying the foundation for the development of the electronics industry [8]. - Lin and her students later developed silicon solar cells, which played a crucial role in the success of China's first artificial satellite launch [8]. Group 5: Legacy and Recognition - In the 1990s, Lin pioneered the "space growth experiment" for gallium arsenide single crystals, becoming the first to prove the feasibility of space materials, earning her the title "Mother of Chinese Space Materials" [10]. - Lin Lanying passed away on March 4, 2003, leaving behind a legacy that is forever etched in the history of China's scientific development [12].