2025诺贝尔医学奖揭晓：三位科学家共享殊荣

Core Points - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their foundational contributions to the field of immune tolerance [2][5] - Their work identified regulatory T cells as "guardians" of the immune system, preventing it from harming the body [3][6] - The discoveries have paved the way for potential therapies currently under clinical evaluation, which may treat or cure autoimmune diseases and improve cancer therapies [7][6] Group 1 - The Nobel laureates provided decisive insights into the mechanisms behind autoimmune diseases [8] - In 2001, Brunkow and Ramsdell made a key discovery explaining why a specific mouse strain (scurfy) is particularly prone to autoimmune diseases, linked to a mutation in the Foxp3 gene [9][10] - Sakaguchi discovered a new class of T cells, demonstrating the complexity of the immune system beyond the previously believed central tolerance process [11][12][13] Group 2 - The announcement of the award marks the beginning of the 2025 Nobel Prize season, which runs from October 6 to 13 [22] - The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded 115 times since 1901, with a total of 229 laureates, none of whom have won the award more than once [22] - The Nobel Prize season is viewed as an important window for insights into future industry trends, with a growing emphasis on interdisciplinary research [23][24][25]